Political science USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political science USA - Essay Example Jacob regarding the term limits of members of Congress. Mr. Jacob promotes the idea of limiting the terms of members of Congress. His view is based on a series of facts; at a first level, it is noted that the political system of USA favors the control of the government by the public; on the other hand, such initiative would be supported by the majority of USA citizens; in this context, the limitation of terms of members of Congress could be aligned with the principles of the USA political system but also with the public’s view on the specific issue. On the other hand, the reference to the US political history regarding the existence of term limits shows that the specific scheme has been proved to be particularly effective when being used ‘at other levels of government’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); more specifically, it is explained that term limits is not a concept foreign to the USA political system; the specific scheme is already used by state governors and state legislatures across USA – it is also ‘the law of the land for the President’ (Mr. Jacob, case study); the use of this system in the cases described above has helped to promote fair competition and reduce ‘partisanship and special interest influence’ (Mr. Jacob, case study). On the other hand, Mr. Jacob notes that Congress has a conflict of interest and for this reason it would be very difficult for the specific scheme to apply – in fact, most of the members of the Congress would be expected to be negative towards the r eform of the Constitution in regard to the term limits of the members of the Congress. The above fact has been verified by the views of the members of the Congress as these views have been published in the media but also as they have been reflected in their vote on the specific subject. Under the above terms, the three-terms limit is suggested – a suggestion aligned with the view of the voters in Colorado who

Communication in an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Communication in an Organisation Essay It is not possible to have human relations without communication. However, good and effective communication is required not only for good human relations but also for good and successful business. Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the senders intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. It requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality and the communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender so communication must include both the transfer and the understanding of meaning. I think that effective communication is needed within a business for both the manager’s and the organization’s success because it is required for the day to day running of the business. Effective communication is required at various levels and for various aspects in an organization so that there can be manager and employee relations. Effective communication of information and decision is an essential component for management-employee relations. The manager cannot get the work done from employees unless they are communicated effectively of what he/she wants to be done so therefore effective communication does not take place within an organization then employees will not know how to go about achieving company goals. Managers should also be sure of some basic facts such as how to communicate and what results can be expected from that communication. Most of management problems arise because of lack of effective communication. Chances of misunderstanding and misrepresentation can be minimized with proper communication system. When there is ineffective communication it leaves room for mistakes and sometime projects and reports have to be revised or done over thus causing resources to be squandered and may cause employees and managers to be frustrated. Finally, communication between management and employees can help the management better address concerns the employees may have, reassuring the staff and helping management to remedy potential problems facing the organization. Motivation can also arise from effective communication and this can make employees more productive which in turn will ensure the success of the business. When employees are able to easily communicate to their employers their opinions and problems they tend to be productive on the job and intent on working to best of their abilities. On the other hand manager can tell employees that they are doing a great job or ask for their opinions in the decision making process. Effective communication in the workplace plays a prominent role in developing long lasting employee motivation and one of many positive benefits gained from well-established organizational communication is improved relationships. Improving relationships between management and staff is quite important and is often overlooked. Things will go smoothly when everyone is on the same page, understanding of goals and the direction a company is going. The best process of communicating here is well thought out emails that follow the chain of command and face to face interactions. A company also uses communication as a way to maintain control over employees and their work environment. Written human resources policies and procedures dictate how employees are permitted to act in the workplace. Job descriptions outline the parameters of an employees job functions. Performance reviews control whether an employee receives a raise or attains a promotion. Communication allows employees to interact with customers and each other. A customer service department communicates with customers to help them resolve issues. A business letter can be used to introduce a company to a potential customer. Communication is essential for employees who work together on a project or during the training process. Employees may interact socially both at work and outside the workplace. Every organization offers a service or good so there needs to be an effective line of communication between the organization and its customers. Those organizations need to be able communicate about what they are offering with the consumer base they are targeting. Effective communication with consumers provides two benefits. First, it lets consumers know about what is being offered and why the organizations offers should be preferred over the competitions. It also allows the organization to gain feedback from consumers so they can alter either their communication tactics or their offers to make sure they are appealing to the largest amount of consumers possible. Communication is necessary to effectively function, both inside an organization and when dealing with the outside world. The above inferences attest to the importance of effective communication within an organization if it is intent on both the manager and business success. Effective communication is not only important within the organization but also information should relay to stakeholders in order to guarantee the organizations attainment of its goals.

Scarlet Letter :: Essays Papers

Scarlet Letter In the novel The Scarlet Letter, the scarlet letter â€Å"A† has several meanings throughout the novel. For each character the scarlet letter stands for something different. Each of the main characters interprets the letter in different forms. The townspeople observe the letter as a form of shame and embarrassment. For Hester the letter takes on several different forms. Arthur Dimmesdale, the Reverend, sees the letter on Hester’s breast as a constant torture of his sin and secrete. He goes through terrible ordeals throughout the novel. For Roger Chillingworth (Hester’s husband), the letter stands for power. The Townspeople see the scarlet letter â€Å"A† as a form of embarrassment for Hester and a way of keeping order and peace within the colony. The story begins with Hester having to go on the scaffold and stand there for three hours with her two shameful sins, the letter A (which stands for Adulteress) and her illegitimate child. The magistrates feel as though constant public embarrassment will disclose the secret of the child’s father. On the scaffold Hester experiences harsh words. A group of women are having a discussion in the crowd and one-woman states, â€Å"At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne’s forehead. She may cover it with a brooch, or such like heathenish adornment, and so walk the streets as brave as ever† (1332). This statement shows that it was not enough that the townspeople knew she committed a sin, but they wanted to see the sin on her chest constantly. This letter somehow gave them power over Hester and made them feel more superior. Without them seeing the letter they felt that her sin was not being seen. Even after Hester moves away from the town, into the forest, children go there to get a glimpse of her; this continues the embarrassment for Hester. Also, the ministers of the town use Hester’s sin in their sermons. Another way in which the town punishes Hester and tries to have some type of power over her is when they try to take her child. As the novel progresses and Hester becomes a helpful person in the community, people begin to accept her in society again but the scarlet letter is never overseen.

Jean Watson theory Essay

Jean Watson’s Philosophy of Nursing NUR/403-Theories and Models of Nursing Practice August 9th, 2010 Introduction Jean Watson’s theories of nursing are instrumental in today’s structure of nursing. Watson’s theories are being practiced in various health care setting all over the world. One of these theories in the nursing process. This entails first assessing patient, planning, intervention and evaluation. There is multitude of research proving these theories to be effective in treating and caring for patients with this consistent approach. In this paper I will dissect her different carative factors learned and that is being practiced. I will discuss different examples of Watson’s theories of caring and its application. This will depict the level of importance and how valuable this approach certainly is. Nursing is also being based on more scientific approaches that Watson’s bases some of her theories. This is consistent with the changing nature of the philosophy of science and history, and the numerous methods for the advancing knowledge of nursing. Watson (19 99) Watson’s Theories Watson’s research is more focused on the caring aspect of it all. Caring is viewed as the moral ideal of nursing where there is utmost concern for human dignity and preservation of humanity as stated by Watson (1999). This focal point of her theory is the foundation in the science of nursing. Watson believed the center idea for nursing are based on various carative factors. These factors include humanistic- altruistic values, systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making, gratification of human needs, promotion of interpersonal teaching and learning. They also include qualities such as sensitivity to self and others, the need to instill faith and hope, creating trusting relationships, and promoting acceptance, positive feelings, making provisions for a supportive, protective and corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). One imperative factor is the development of different transpersonal caring relationship. This is the concept of professional involvement with the participation of one’s entire self, using every dimension of a person as a resource in the professional relationship, This depicts a special kind of human caring relationship, a connection with another person, in high regard for the whole person and their sense of being. Human care begins when the nurse enters the space or field of another person, and is able to detect the other person’s condition, spiritually and emotionally, and can feel this condition within themselves, and responds in a way which the recipient feels open enough to convey and share those feelings longing or needed to be shared. (Watson, 1999). She believed that nurses should have and also further develop an approach of humanism, simply being able to convey common human feelings. Her teachings proves that effective caring promotes health in each individual and their well being. Conducive to health is also what a person’s perception of health is, as states by Watson, (1999). Watson believed that everything around us should be conducive to our wellbeing, whether it being creating a wholesome environment or nursing to our specific needs. For example just simply being in a clean environment can improve a person’s overall mood and thus enhancing chances for recovery. The act showing compassion and empathy is also pertinent to for one to achieve wellness. In experience, just the simple act of smiling conveys the feeling of caring. Cara (2003). For example, upon assessing a patient, just greeting them with a warm smile with direct eye contact can be a comforting feeling. It conveys sincerity and starts the process of a trusting nurse-patient relationship. Cultivating sensitivity to oneself and to others. This carative factor explores one’s ability to self assess as well assessing others. This explores the need of the nurse to feel or to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself. If one’s own feelings aren’t properly developed or one does not know how to channel their own feelings, showing sensitivity to others may not be very successful. These feelings should be developed for one to interact with others on a genuinely sensitive level. Showing sensitivity among one another creates a higher level of  functioning within transpersonal relationships. Watson (2009). An experience I had with a patient comes to mind. A young man admitted to the hospital with multiple infections. He is observed to be very rude, sarcastic and shows a very negative attitude towards himself and his care providers. Upon receiving report about the patient, I felt reluctant in caring for him. The nurse stated he was unappreciative, obnoxious, demanding, and seemed very bitter. Upon greeting him and physically assessing him, I was cautious to thet kinds of questions I asked him. I was especially cautioushow I asked any questions and also my tone of voice. Upon making sure he had all his comforts and all requests were met I offered to share with him some details about my life. He listened keenly and I felt his interest. Soon after, he started sharing with me very personal details of his life as well. As Watson (1999) explained, nurses should spend uninterrupted time with your patients, commonly referred to as â€Å"caring moments.† He was depressed from being in and out of the hospital every other week. He was newly married and had a newborn baby, which he never got to spend time with or was able to help take care of. That quickly gave me insight to why he had such a negative disposition and also enlightened me to the sensitive manner in which he needed to cared with . Self awareness and actualization is an important component in having meaningful intrapersonal relationships. We should all strive to become more sensitive. This makes us as nurses, more authentic, evoking self growth and awareness to others. The nurse promotes health along with a higher level of functioning when meaningful person to person relationships are created. Humanistic/Altruistic system These values begin at a very early age in human beings. These are from shared experiences and lessons taught by ones parents or the environment. Altruism is a selfless concern for the wellness of others. If one is truly selfless in a humanistic manner, it comes from a place of sincerity. Individuals sometimes give of themselves hoping to get in return but the true approach which Watson teaches wishes nothing in return. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). One’s ability to be altruistic is also  dependent on the level of selflessness. For example, working with ill and sometimes demanding patients day in and day out, one can become weary and can feel no need to go the extra mile for the small comfort of an individual’s need. For example, a individual comes in the hospital newly diagnosed with a fatal illness. The patient comes into the hospital alone, he is poorly dressed and does not seem to take very good care of himself hygienically. He does not requests much help. Even when in pain he did not ask for any pain medication. Upon doing my general assessment, it was easy to assess him emotionally as well. He had no family members with him for any support needed. He was weak from the disease process, he just could no longer take care of himself as he normally does. I thoughtlessly help him to get shaved and washed up before getting comfortable in bed. I also lent a listening ear as I asked him necessary questions about his health. I knew having someone help me out in this manner would make a difference in how I felt, so automatically and selflessly I did the same for him. If there is anything I am able to do for others that takes nothing but a simple effort, then I think the gratitude should be from bringing comfort and satisfaction where needed. This philosophy of offering selflessness to others is pivotal in the nursing role. Establishing a helping and trusting relationship. This factor in nursing has been in use for decades. The element of nursing and trust cannot be divided. Watson believed that different modes of communication establishes rapport and brings forth a caring relationship. She believed in the dynamics associated with a helping trust relationship, congruence, empathy and warmth. This means coming together in agreement, being able to put yourself in ones shoes and showing compassion. Communication varies from verbal to nonverbal ways of conveying messages and feelings. This includes actively listening in a warm manner that connotes empathetic understanding. As nurses we must especially listen to the demands of our patients no matter how big or small the need is. It is especially important to deliver on promises to patients. As it is often stated, it is better to under promise and over deliver. As simple as promising a patient to get them a meal and delivering it in a timely manner is a key example for building and maintaining a trusting relationship. Faith/hope The faith and hope factor can be a sensitive area when providing care. To many, It essential for patients to maintain a level of faith and hope. When a patient has nothing else to hold on to in the recovering process, having faith and being hopeful helps them to hold on to life. This is based on each individual’s belief and their perception of faith and hope, as well as the nurse’s understanding. I believe one has to properly assess the individual to whom this advice is being offered. This is imperative to know how well it will be accepted. It also depends on one’s cultural background. We should all be aware and be respectful of each individual’s beliefs and limitations. As stated by Suliman, Welmann, Omer & Thomas (2009), respect is easily acquired until there is a disagreement with what is recommended, at this point respecting the opposing persons choice becomes complex. In the instance that a patient or an individual can no longer rely on modern science for comfort it help to be able to hold on to your thoughts and beliefs otherwise known as hope. When a patient is given a death sentence from a disease process this may be the only thing that brings some peace of mind. For someone to look to you for your opinion at such a vulnerable moment in life means to me that my job is important to say the least. I have had different opportunities to carefully assess my patient and their life situations. This gave me the chance to divulge my opinions in the best acceptable manner suitable to my patients understanding. Conclusion Watsons’s theories has personally broadened my horizons personally and professionally. Researching her theories and concepts of nursing has given me immense insight on how to view and treat my patients in various situations. I find that her concept of caring is truly what the core element of nursing should be, or as she states it is the† true essence of nursing.†Watson, J. (1999). The nursing concepts developed by Watson have been tried and proven both professionally and personally. She provides many useful concepts  for the overall practice of nursing and the overall element of proving care for any individual. Watson ties together common theories in nursing education and thus the caring approach entity emerged. These carative factors can be implemented in any level of health care settings. It gives simple guidance to nursing and provides for better and more quality patient outcomes. Her approach unites all humanistic entities of the mind, body, and spirits for this caring, unique realm of nursing. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). * * * * * * * * * * * * * * References * * Cara, C. (2003). A pragmatic view of Jean Watson’s caring theory. International Journal for Human Caring, 7(3), 51-61. * * Suliman, W., Welmann, E., Omer, T., & Thomas, L. (2009). Applying Watson’s NursingTheory to Assess Patient Perceptions of Being Cared for in a Multicultural Environment. Journal of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association), 17(4), 293-300. * * Watson, J. (1999). Nursing: Human science and human care, a theory of nursing. Sunbury, MA: NLN Press, Jones and Bartlett * * Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). The Attending Nurse Caring Model: integrating theory, evidence and advanced caring–healing therapeutics for transforming professional practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12(3), 360-365. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00774.x.

My area landscape analysis examining every activities done it

The area I chosen for this study is called Muyenga in Kampala city Uganda. It is located on a hill with gentle slopes every side of it, and surrounded by swamp areas(water logged areas).The whole area stretch is about   4 square kilometers and 5 kilometers from the city center. It is accessed through tama ked roads with good water channels. When stood on the top of this area you can have a clear view of the whole underneath surrounding areas with a clear city view. Part of this area is rocky with a shrub type of vegetation coverage. The other sections of this area are sandy with savannah kind of vegetation and tall tresses. On the other side of this hill there is another swamp with a wide coverage of papyrus vegetation stretch up to the clear water lake (Lake. Victoria) WHAT IS GOING ON This area is sub-divided into several developments and several activities are taking place. On the top of this hill there is located one of the biggest city water supply tank. There is a section of this area which is developed in a residential housing estate. Houses in this section of this area maintain good gardens with trees in compounds. The section which has rocks have been developed into quarries (stone mining and cutting) and some building sand mining. The other side of this area which has the papyrus vegetation coverage has been partly conserved for green belt by the national environmental management authority (NEMA). This meant that there are no activities/developments allowed in this section before the approval of this institution. Other down hill areas has been gazette in to industrial areas and there are also some unplanned housings (slums) in this industrial area. WHAT FITS TOGETHER The development of this area into a residential housing estate is ok since a tree planting is maintained and a green grass in compounds. The section of this area which has the rocks to be developed in a quarry was also fine. The conservation of the green belt (wet land) was fantastic. The maintain ace of tama ked roads with good water channels also fits because this act prevents soil erosion. WHAT DOES’T FIT The development of some parts of the swamp into the industrial area did not fit, because swamps act as natural water filter and purifiers. You know water from factories and industries and other activities in the city is highly polluted. So there is a need for swafor water purification before it gets into the lake. When polluted water goes straight in the lake it causes a high risky of living water spices endangerment .This can also cause high rates of pipeline water purification. Secondly it is not healthy to establish factories and industries near to residential areas. There is a standard distance to be maintained. The encroachment of peasants on the gazette greenbelt also didn’t fit. The drainage of swamps for other activities like unplanned housing (slums) also doesn’t fit SPECULATE WHAT HAPPENED Geographically it is said that this area falls into the category of a plateau. It is speculated to be having formed by either weathering or up and down warping. A plateau some times called tableland is a large stretch of land with approximately similar heights above sea level. (Tamale.E. Geography in the new era 1997) It stands out higher than surrounding areas or in form of a wave kind of formation with its sides slope down to the lower lands. A plateau compared to an elevated plain, bears a very big difference between the two. With a plateau, valleys are narrow, deep sometimes with steep sides yet for a pain there are broad with big stretches. The rivers in a plateau are swift and carve deep compared to those in plain. Plateaus are always high (height above sea level) compared to plains. (Morgan. Advanced geography for secondary schools.2001) It is thought that plateaus were formed as a result of wearing down of higher mountainous areas or by the process of denudation. And if this continues to be effective, the whole plateau might be reduced to near a plain’s height. (Tendo.L.Modern geography 2002) WHAT IS CURRENTLY HAPPENING The fact that this area is considered to be a plateau. This area is greatly exploited by man’s activities which are a threat to its sharp and future existence. The terracing of the area for leveling building sites, cutting down of trees and drainage of swamps and wetlands is going on this area. Industrial wastes and polluted water goes direct in the clear water lake. Brokerage of water channels   Ã‚  and encroachment in wet lands for peasant farming and unplanned housing. WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN If all these activities mentioned above are not controlled there is a possible flooding which might take place. The act of stone cutting and mining causes a great threat to this area (plateau) weathering down in to plain in future. The act of gazette swamp to industrial areas causes a big threat to the lake water pollution and thus high costs of pipe line water purification. Also industries to be located near residential areas are a very big threat to the health of the people. Encroachment on the wetlands and clearing of the papyrus vegetation is a possible threat of reduction of water levels in the lake. EVALUTION My opinion about this is, first I would appeal to the concerned to maintain not only for this area but a national tree planting campaign. This can ensure conservation of soil and reduction of erosion. I would discourage industrialization of swamps and wetlands to maintain a steady and healthy stretch of the green belt. This can help ensure a good natural purification of polluted water before it gets in the fresh water lake. This thus can also reduce on the cost of pipe line water treatment and purification. I would support the national environment management authority in its struggle to conserve the environment. Every strategy put in control we can preserve and conserve our environment Reference list Tamale.E (1997). Geography in the new era(pp.72-75) Moorgan.D. (2001) Advanced geography for secondary schools(pp.45-47) Tendo.F. (1998).Morden geography.JB publishers 1st edition(pp.57-60)   

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essay The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essay The field of developmental psychological science is the scientific survey of age-related alterations in behavior, thought, emotion, and personality. ( Bee and Boyd, 2002, p3 ) . This assignment will concentrate on the early old ages country of the lifetime, which ranges from pre-birth to 3 old ages of age. During the early old ages, kids start to develop physically as they begin to creep, appreciation and walk. Children besides start to hold self-government as they begin to do picks themselves and they start to develop their vocabulary and have simple conversations with others. Additionally, kids develop socially as they form fond regards with their attention giver and other of import faces they recognise. In societal work pattern, it is of import to understand that theories associating to lifespan development should non be used as a solid usher when sing behaviour, as they do non take into history all facets of an person s life, such as environmental and societal factors, and non everybody lives a text-book life. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Theories are an effort to explicate something to give us an apprehension and do sense of jobs. ( Thompson, 2000 ; page 20 ) . When working with immature kids, it is of import to understand the assorted phases of development so that we, as societal workers can place accomplishments being made ; such as when a kid takes their first measure, or when they say their first word. Theories sing lifetime development are based around normal development and can assist societal workers find how much advancement a kid is doing in footings of development. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Social workers must do certain that when working with immature kids they take into account their race and civilization, and what impact these might hold on their development. They must besides take a holistic attack when seeking to derive an apprehension of a kid, so that non merely can state larn what has happened during the kid s life, they can besides state why it happened and see the kid as an person. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . It is of import to maintain in head that even a bantam babe is a individual. Holistic development sees the kid in the unit of ammunition, as a whole individual physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, morally, culturally and spiritualty. ( Meggitt, 2006 ; page 1 ) . Following the decease of Victoria Climbie , Lord Laming was required to update the agreements for kid safe guarding to forestall future calamities happening. The Children Act 2004, was a major reform and it brought along different policies to safeguard kids, such as Every Child Matters: Change for Children. ( DfES, 2004 ) . Every Child Matters was besides reformed in 2009, following the decease of Peter Connelly. Besides, model for Birth to Three Matters ( DfES, 2002 ) , has been published to back up professionals who work with immature kids and households and recognises the nature of human development. Within psychological science, there are 5 different attacks that can be taken when looking at lifetime development. These 5 attacks are biological, humanistic, cognitive, behaviorist and psychodynamic. These psychological positions are backed up by assorted theories, but it is really of import to retrieve that theories are non ever true as they do non take into consideration environmental and societal factors that could impact an person s development. This does non intend that theories can non be used to analyze behavior and development within persons, but it should be remembered that all theories do hold unfavorable judgments when they are applied and used in societal work pattern. The first theory which is traveling to be looked at sing early old ages development is Erikson s psychosocial phases of development. ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . The first phase of development is Trust versus Mistrust ; this phase forms the foundation of trust a kid has with their health professional. The more consistent the attention is that they receive the better trust that the kid will hold and they will go confident and will experience secure in their environment. However, if this phase is non completed successfully, so the kid will non experience secure or confident, and may non hold a batch of trust in their health professional, which can ensue in a figure of jobs, such as anxiousness and insecurities about others. ( Erikson, 1995 ) . The 2nd phase of development is Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt ; this phase shows a kid get downing to asseverate themselves and go independent, for illustration, picking what they want to watch, what toys they want to play with, or what they want to eat etc. Children need to be supported in this phase so that they know what they are making is right and go more confident in doing their ain determinations, otherwise if they are criticised excessively much, they might get down to experience dependent upon others, and may doubt their ability to do their ain picks. ( Erikson, 1995 ) . In societal work pattern, this theory could be used to look into any underlying issues between a kid and their parent. Erikson states that if a phase is non completed successfully, it is harder to finish following phases of development and achieve the positive results. ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . This theory gives societal workers an overview of how a kid should be come oning and what their capablenesss should be. However, this theory does non take into consideration kids who have disablements or who come from different cultural backgrounds. A kid with a certain disablement may non be able to do their ain picks from such a immature age, no affair how merely they are, or kids from different civilizations will hold different upbringings compared to kids from other civilizations. John Bowlby was a chief psychologist who studied kids. In peculiar he looked at fond regard between a kid and health professional. He believed that relationships at a immature age are critical because any weaknesss in relationships in childhood would determine the development of a kid s personality. He besides believed that fond regard is an unconditioned act, and kids want to organize an fond regard with their female parents and female parents want to be near to their kids so that they can protect them. Prolonged separation from the female parent is known as maternal want, and this is a major cause of delinquent behavior and mental wellness concerns. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Social workers can utilize theory when in pattern to see how a kid responds to their female parent or male parent. For illustration, if a kid is in a attention and has contact with his/her female parent twice a hebdomad, the societal worker should look to see who interacts with who foremost, who runs to who, what is the propinquity like and organic structure linguistic communication etc. All of these actions will let the societal worker to find whether something is incorrect. If the female parent runs to her kid, why is the kid non running to her female parent? Does the kid non experience attached? Has something happened which needs to be looked into? However, Bowlby s theory does non take into history male parents being the attachment figure as they may be a individual parent. Besides, societal workers need to work in a non-discriminatory mode and retrieve that in some households, such as Asiatic households, within a family it is non merely the immediate household who live at that p lace, it is besides the wider household. A member of the wider household could be the chief health professional, so this needs to be taken into consideration when get downing to work with a kid from this type of household. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Mary Ainsworth adapted Bowlby s fond regard theory by transporting out her ain experiment on kids and their health professional so that different fond regard manners between a kid and the health professional could be observed. The Strange Situation recognised four different fond regard types ; secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent and disorganized fond regard. ( Ainsworth et all. , 1978 ) . The experiment took topographic point in a little room with a one manner mirror so that the kid could easy be observed. Throughout the experiment, the kid would be left with their health professional for some clip before a alien entered and the health professional leaves, and so the kid would be left wholly entirely for a short period of clip before the alien and health professional return and so forth. The attachment type that the kid would hold would be dependent on their reactions to the events that happened in the experiment disturbance, shouting, dying, scared, happy, hard-pressed etc . ) . For illustration, a kid who has an ambivalent-attachment would hold shown no marks of hurt when their health professional left the room, but they would hold avoided the alien when they entered the room. When the health professional returns after go forthing the kid entirely with the alien, the kid would near them, but may besides force them off to demo that they are upset. ( Simply Psychology, 2008 ) . In societal work, this theory could be used to see the fond regard between a kid and their health professional. Positive fond regard could ensue in intercession non being needed by societal workers. However, negative fond regard could turn out that earlier intercession is needed as there is an underlying ground as to why the kid is non organizing an fond regard with their health professional. This theory should be used really carefully in pattern as some kids are more independent than others, and it does non take into account cultural differences and disablements. For illustration, kids who have Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD ) , particularly on the higher terminal of the autistic spectrum, find it really hard to expose feelings and demo fondness. This does non intend that they have non formed an fond regard with their health professional, they are more than able to, but it is how they display their fond regard type which can do them look unattached. During the mid-1980s, research wo rkers started to detect kids with ASD in the Strange Situation. Results show that 50 % of the kids formed a unafraid fond regard with their health professional. Despite this figure being low compared to kids who do non hold ASD, it is really impressive and proves that kids with ASD can organize fond regards. However, when it came to the portion where the health professional returned to their kid, the kids acted otherwise compared to other kids. For illustration, they did non originate contact or look to be happy. ( Oppenheim et al. , 2008 ) . The cognition of development and attachment theories is of import in societal work, as these theories will assist a societal worker carry out appraisals on a household with immature kids. When transporting out an appraisal, it has to be done under the Common Assessment Framework, which aims to place the followers ; how good the parents or carers can back up their kid s developmental demands, and how they respond and meet their demands ; and what impact does the environment and the wider household have on a kid s development. ( DfES, 2006 ) . John Bowlby s attachment theory gives an overview of the different fond regard types and it allows societal workers to measure and judge the quality of a relationship, and this can assist as the societal worker will cognize when to step in, and if necessary, take a kid from a household unit. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Under subdivision 17 of the Children Act 1989, local governments have a duty to safeguard and advance the safety and public assistance of kids who are in demand. ( Legislation.Gov, 2012 ) . When working with kids in demand, a societal worker will necessitate to transport out an appraisal under the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need. ( Department of Health, 2000 ) . Tied within this appraisal, is another appraisal sing the developmental demands of a kid. It covers several countries of development ; wellness, instruction, individuality, household and societal dealingss, emotional and behavioral development and self-care accomplishments. Harmonizing to Parker and Bradley, kids need to make these developmental demands to accomplish a healthy maturity. ( Parker and Bradley, 2007 ) . By utilizing anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive pattern in societal work, it allows societal workers to dispute their ain beliefs and values while sing others. The Every Child Matters: Change for Children policy has 5 results which are considered to be the most of import to kids and immature people ; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part, and accomplish economic wellbeing. The policy wants kids and immature people to be safe from strong-arming and favoritism . ( Crawford, 2006 ; page 16 ) . With respects to lifespan development theories ; anti-discriminatory pattern and anti-oppressive pattern are used in societal work because these theories can be applied to all cultural and category backgrounds. The bulk of the theories were based around white middle-classed kids and parents when experiments were carried out, but by no agency does this mean that they can non be applied to different civilizations. In decision, if cognition of lifetime development and assorted theories are used right and suitably in societal work pattern, so this could give societal workers a clear indicant of when a kid is non developing at the usual rate, and intercession can take topographic point at the earliest possible minute, to guarantee that the safety and public assistance of the kid is met. The advantages and disadvantages of sing behavior through lifespan positions seem to weigh each other out in relation to societal pattern, nevertheless, it should be remembered that the surveies are theories, and are non based on solid facts, so they should merely be used in pattern as counsel. Word Count: 2,175

Compare and Contrast Poems by Sassoon and by Owen, how they bring out their treatment of war Essays

Compare and Contrast Poems by Sassoon and by Owen, how they bring out their treatment of war Essays Compare and Contrast Poems by Sassoon and by Owen, how they bring out their treatment of war Paper Compare and Contrast Poems by Sassoon and by Owen, how they bring out their treatment of war Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The horror of war influenced these two great poets to express their disgust in poems. They both, however use contrasting styles: Owen chooses to express his disgust and anger through poems that give the reader a precise picture of what the war was really like; whereas Sassoon was an officer who protested against the way that war was being portrayed at the time. Like Owen, he wrote poems that scorned people like Jessie Pope, who glorified war. Sassoon, who came from a privileged background, showed that after going to fight and getting an award for bravery, he hated war. He didnt like the attitudes that the other offers had upon the war and thought that they were unnecessarily prolonging it. After writing a public protest, he wrote poems that had a cutting sarcasm, which were intended to attack the officers with pejorative language. In It Doesnt Matter he uses sarcasm to great effect, mimicking the voice used by people when a soldier perhaps doesnt want to fight and they are trying to persuade him. The line Theres such splendid work for the blind; is particularly hard-hitting because it is fiercely telling the reader in a heavily laden sarcastic tone, that it is fine to have ones eyes taken away because there is good care for the blind, of course he actually means that it is not fine to have your eyes taken in war because of the pain and misery that will be suffered; Owen on the other hand, in Disabled chooses to show the harsh reality upfront. legless, sewn short at the elbow tells us exactly how the man is. This is where the two poets are different. Owen tends to give us the full brutality of what happens at war, raising the awareness of the public that it is not a game the biggest thats played but a bloody mess. Sassoon likes to target the officers that thought that is was a game, and sliced into their conscience and accused them of, in Suicide in the Trenches, driving someone to suicide, he makes them feel guilty. There are many similarities between Sassoon and Owen as well as differences. When their paths crossed at Craiglockhart Hospital, where Owen was sent for shell shock, and Sassoon for punishment because of his open protest. Owen who presented some of his poems greeted Sassoon, because he was well known as an author and poet. Sassoon helped Owen write some poems but Owen kept his style of creating, what can only be described as, brilliant, truthful and vivid imagery. This was most evident in Dulce et Decorum est when Sassoon helped Owen out. The similarities between them are that they both attack people who make war seem pleasant and fun, and some of the poems like Anthem for Doomed Youth where Sassoon helped Owen with rhythm and structure of the poems. If poems from Sassoon and Owen are compared, there are certain elements of their poems which have the same aim but do it in a different way: look at Does it Matter and Disabled and the two poets are trying to show the injuries suffered by soldiers and the way that they are victimised. Owen uses the sad tragedy of a young man with everything going for him loose all that he is: a fit footballer, a ladies man, independent, turned to legless and in a wheeled chair, to highlight the horror of war. He seems to be showing that even the innocent can be attacked by the dreadfulness of battle. He is very sombre in this poem and finds word which will make a reader screw their face up in the thought of what he has written, leap of purple spurted from his thigh. He enriches the poem with thick, sour and ghastly imagery, for example Hes lost his colour very far from here, Poured it down shell holes till the veins ran dry Sassoons approach to the same subject is coated with glossy sarcasm and heavy accusations towards his readers, making them feel guilty that people who get pushed out to fight without the slightest feeling that they might return with horrendous injuries. After all, does it matter? Losing your legs? For people will always be kind, Sassoons main targets are his fellow officers who had this kind of disgusting attitude, which Siegfried hated. He said once that he particularly wanted to upset blood-thirsty civilians and those who falsely glorified the war. Other poems that they wrote also dealt with the same kind of subject. Owen once again writes passionately in Exposure which is the poem that he uses most to show the conditions that soldiers had to go through, for example Pale flakes with fingering stealth come feeling for our faces using the personal we to tell his reader that he has been there and seen this, he is not making it up. Sassoon, on the other hand, uses the idea of an innocent, simple soldier boy very much like in Disabled and takes him into the winter trenches, cowed and glum and shows as Owen does in Exposure the hell where youth and laughter go. This ending line is completely contradictory. Youth and laughter are good things which should be sent to heaven, but instead they are sent to hell, which can only happen in war. The poor boy who committed suicide put a bullet through his brain because of the constant crumps and lice and lack of rum. It seems that he has gone mad. I personally think that if I was an officer reading Sassoons work, I would feel extremely guilty because I would probably be one of those who glorified war thinking that it didnt matter if people lost legs, because people will always be kind. But if I was a sixteen year old wanting to join the army to impress my girlfriend, and I read Owens accounts of the trenches, I would most certainly reconsider joining up.

3 Things That Can Improve Your Resume

3 Things That Can Improve Your Resume Surprising Things You May Not Know about Resumes Job recruiters and employers receive first impressions about you while learning the resume. It is summary of you skills and experience, which shows your goals, gains and life position. No wonder that people often are even not invited for interviews. Resume shows and specifies many details, basing on which employer decides, whether it makes sense to perform any further actions. Every self-respecting person, who only starts his/her career or has certain professional ambitions, should follow all innovations for resume creation and use smart tips. Actually, even if you are satisfied with your job at the moment, having a relevant resume is "a must", since there are always new opportunities and interesting offers. We want to draw your attention to some very important things, which you should bear in mind while completing your resume. These tips seem very simple, but at the same time they appear to be extremely effective. Customize Your Resume for Each Position When we speak about the customization, we do not mean lying or writing achievements, which you do not have. Anyhow, it is important to make correct emphasis and catch employer's interest to some of your strong points. For example, you apply for the position of the sales manager. It is clear that this job requires knowledge of the product and sufficient communication skills. Now you have to think. Recall all your participations in the social events, speeches or presentations. Everything will be useful: starting with the first experience of communication skills at school and university, up to participating in conferences and any public speaking. Thus, you need to include into the resume those facts, which are decisive for recruiter. Such approach definitely increases your chances for success. Be Attentive and Make no Mistakes When you see mistakes in your text, it means sleepless nights or overloading with the academic papers for you. Due to all those deadlines at college and volumes of the tasks at work you often do not have time for reviewing your resume. And that is a big mistake. You will hardly manage to find the employer, who does not pay attention to grammar ignorance. Even the smallest misspelling makes recruiter think that you are not attentive, careless and unconcerned. Who wants to hire such employee? Set right priorities and if you really want new position, find ten minutes to check the grammar and refine you resume. Specify Truth about Your Academic and Work Experience It is the common method of numerous job searchers, to add some skill or knowledge, which they, in fact, do not possess. We are sure that it is unreasonable approach to resume making. First of all, it is not very good to start cooperation with the deceit. Secondly, what will you do, if you receive a task related to the imagined skill? Such state of affairs can cause unpleasant situation, which at least can result in the shameful feelings. However, some employers can even punish you with the negative recommendations and this is no laughing matter. To avoid such issues, write truth. If you really want some job but have not enough skills, it is always better to be honest and show your strong desire to learn. Recruiters often appreciate honesty and strength to confess the real situation. Make your job hunting more efficient and pleasant, use our advices and show employers that you deserve good position. Your future is in your hands, do your best to make it great!

Disney case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disney - Case Study Example These are just to mention but a few strategies that saw the company to a real turnaround. Most important, was to increase customer base as well as customer satisfaction by capturing not only the kids as previously was, but also the tween and adult market. As a matter fact, specialization in kid market had retarded the company’s brand growth resulting to loss of important opportunities. This called for marketing strategies that would enable the company capture the tween and adult. Despite having prospered, the success story would have been greater if Disney had maximized in marketing and promoting their already existing products in conjunction with branding it to fit the entire market, not excluding the mobile sector. This could have been achieved via the marketing plan below. According to Lamb et al (2014), a marketing plan is based on a mission statement which should not possess a marketing myopia. Thus, having carried SWOT analysis of the industry, the mission statement ought to incorporate customer satisfaction, with mobile application increasing convenience and accessibility, in a manner that it eliminates addiction. Note that the SWOT analysis should consider creating awareness of the new branded franchises as a very important opportunity and thus incapacitate its internal strength towards successful marketing. As Disney operates in a very competitive industry, which is also very global, then he marketing strategy should allow for adaptations. Moreover, the main objective is to expand sales through market expansion. Therefore, sales promotion should be based on the various types of market which include, kids (already captured), and adult and tween market. As tween market makes a greater contribution, and then major emphasis needs to be done and woul d better be divided into boy tween and girl tween to capture each category precisely. In a nutshell, the

Marketing Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Communications - Assignment Example Audi AG is a German manufacturer of automobiles, involved in designing, engineering and distributing of the same. Since 1966, the brand is majorly owned by Volkswagen Group, who has re-launched the brand through Audi F103 edition. Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, famous by the name of BMW, is a German motorcycle and automobile manufacturing company, which was founded in 1916.Both the brands, Audi and BMW, are hugely successful worldwide. They have loyal consumer base and immense brand equity. Both these companies are well-known for upgraded technology and innovation. These are the brands that feature in the upscale mid-size car segment. Presently, with these two products, they are fiercely competing in the automobile market in the USA. Audi A4’s turbo-charged four cylinder engine generates huge power to the car. The front wheel drive models are provided with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). Whereas, the models with all wheel drive gets either an eight speed automatic transmission or a six speed manual. Drivers opined that with the precise and nicely-weighted steering system and powerful brakes, this car is favored by most. It has brilliant interior, balanced handling and also scores high in fuel economy (US News, 2014a). BMW 320i is equipped with turbo-charged four cylinder engine as well. This car equals in the mileage obtained with Audi 4, which is 24-36 mpg. 320i has a spacious interior with more cargo carriage space than Audi A4. 320i has impressive handling and acceleration (US News, 2014).The car is fuel efficient. It is through balance in operation that Audi A4 can compete with BMW 320i. The output of both the cars in terms of torque and power of the engine has been almost similar. Both the cars are considered to be luxury vehicles and purchased by consumers as status symbol products in the market. Through the range of power within each car is different, but it is noted that power steering facilities,

Fast food Strike Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fast food Strike - Assignment Example On the other hand, increasing the minimum wages may spur productivity since companies that pay higher wages experience low employee turnover due to the efficiency wages. Furthermore, some jobs cannot be automated (McArdle, para 4). It is possible to raise the minimum wages without much disemployment effect, but doubling or raising by 50 percent to $ 10.50 an hour The article asserts that the timing of the minimum wage increases is important since the labor market is currently weak, inflation is low and McDonalds’ customers are price-sensitive thus any increase in wages will lead to increase in the products thus leading to a decline in sales. The article identifies that a big hike in minimum wages will affect the overall payroll of the industry since a hike to $ 10.50 represents a 44 percent increase from the current federal minimum wage of $ 7.50 an hour. A 100 percent hike in wages will translate to about 25 percent for the affected businesses since other employees in senior positions will also demand wage increases. Furthermore, very few fast-food franchises have profit margins of about 25 percent due to high competition in the industry and value-conscious consumers thus it is impossible to absorb the huge hikes in labor cost (McArdle, para 6). The article assert that current studies on minimum wage are short-term, since restaurants have a higher fixed investment component comprising of equipments thus higher labor costs may limit the opening of new restaurants in the future. The author is of the idea that efficiency wage concept is misunderstood since higher employee retention and output is influenced by the wage differentials in the industry, respect for employees and labor market competition. The author finally clarifies that lower wages may not necessary lead to increase in economic productivity since compensation rates outpaced productivity in mid-20th century, and the productivity levels have been increasing to

To Build or Buy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

To Build or Buy - Assignment Example The food items which are unique and entirely different from the competitor’s coffee shop would be included. There would be no sale of alcoholic beverage as the business as a theme of healthy food .There would be more of vegetable salads and fruit salads on the menu. A brand image would be created so that there would be a great impact on the consumers. A brand image would be created by giving an apt name to the coffee shop. The name would be â€Å" natura coffee shop†. This would give a touch of nature and healthy image to the business. The name of the shop is different from the Deli and can attract customer due to curiosity. It also aligns with the food sold in the coffee shop. The price of food will be reasonable as people stay away from organic food because they are expensive. The portion would be bit more and that would be a good competitive strategy to win over â€Å"Ohio Deli†. People are always gets attracted to food that deliver much more than what they pay for. As per (Miles, 2014) â€Å"Quick-service consumers, now more than ever, want to get more for their dollar, and quite often the bigger the portion the better†. The theme of the coffee shop would also be organic as we would use any synthetic decoration in the coffee shop except from the appliances. The ambience would be entirely different from â€Å"Ohio Deli†. The coffee shop would have promotional offers which would like to entertain the customer potential. The staff of the coffee shop would be young and extra polite. They would be trained to be exceptional for customer service. We also would provide food and atmosphere which is hygiene and free of pollution. A quick service will be another strategy which would keep the interest of customer in the coffee shop. Many a times customer hesitate to come back if the service is slow as the customer are employee who come for breakfast and lunch. We would introduce loyalty cards to impress the customer s

Middle Class Struggles Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle Class Struggles Critique - Essay Example The final agreement was that one spouse could hold on to some money ranging from $19,000 to $95,000 according to the state. The law makers gave one spouse the right to refuse any financial obligation thereby shifting the partner's responsibility to the Medicaid. After his old parents could not look after themselves, Adam Albenico was confused on the next step to take considering his parent were from a middle class background making it hard for them to qualify for Medicaid. He visited Mr. Russo an elder-care lawyer and the chairman of the Medicaid task force for the National Academy of Elder Care Attorneys. He presented his case about his ailing father who needed a nursing home services pointing out that long-term care would exhaust their savings in 15 months. Mr. Russo educated him about Medicaid and advised him that his parent's assets be transferred to his mother so that she could sign the legal forms refusing to support her husband. He did this and a nursing home accepted his father but insisted that Albenico should pay for two months of care upfront or $15,000 in case his father's Medicaid application did not go through. He later sold his mother's property to finance her assisted living move but her mother later run out of money and Albenico together with his sister continued paying t

To Build or Buy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

To Build or Buy - Assignment Example The food items which are unique and entirely different from the competitor’s coffee shop would be included. There would be no sale of alcoholic beverage as the business as a theme of healthy food .There would be more of vegetable salads and fruit salads on the menu. A brand image would be created so that there would be a great impact on the consumers. A brand image would be created by giving an apt name to the coffee shop. The name would be â€Å" natura coffee shop†. This would give a touch of nature and healthy image to the business. The name of the shop is different from the Deli and can attract customer due to curiosity. It also aligns with the food sold in the coffee shop. The price of food will be reasonable as people stay away from organic food because they are expensive. The portion would be bit more and that would be a good competitive strategy to win over â€Å"Ohio Deli†. People are always gets attracted to food that deliver much more than what they pay for. As per (Miles, 2014) â€Å"Quick-service consumers, now more than ever, want to get more for their dollar, and quite often the bigger the portion the better†. The theme of the coffee shop would also be organic as we would use any synthetic decoration in the coffee shop except from the appliances. The ambience would be entirely different from â€Å"Ohio Deli†. The coffee shop would have promotional offers which would like to entertain the customer potential. The staff of the coffee shop would be young and extra polite. They would be trained to be exceptional for customer service. We also would provide food and atmosphere which is hygiene and free of pollution. A quick service will be another strategy which would keep the interest of customer in the coffee shop. Many a times customer hesitate to come back if the service is slow as the customer are employee who come for breakfast and lunch. We would introduce loyalty cards to impress the customer s

Global Enterprise and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Global Enterprise and Innovation - Essay Example This is also applicable in the context of China. The impact of globalisation on the Chinese economy which in turn influences its business activities can be well identified with reference to the multinational companies. However, globalisation also provides certain significant opportunities to the business firms in economy. For instance, the Chinese scientists and engineers are becoming important participants in the global science and contributing to the world’s scientific and technical literature. It increased the scope of expansion of the market, influenced the political issues and other developments that support the International Business. The ongoing social, political and economic processes broaden the relationship among the nations, people, organizations and the governmental bodies. Inclusively, China is one of the powerful markets providing exciting business opportunities for multinational companies. ... With this concern, the report will analyse the legal and political environment of China and the impact of globalisation on the economy. The report will also intend to identify the various opportunities or motivational factors which influence the multinational companies to enter China and examine the risk and obstacles faced by the companies during their entrance. Furthermore, the report shall intend to suggest few strategies to overcome the risks and obstacles identified. 2.0. Implication of Globalisation on the International Business Environment of China Globalisation has made a lasting impact on the global business organisations. It has provided various advantages as well as created certain complexities which have made an influence on the operations of the multinational companies. For instance, globalisation creates new job opportunities and offers attractive choices to innumerable consumers. It has also led to numerous innovations. Notably, the issue has flashed a considerable deb ate over the past decade. Economists have argued that globalisation is beneficial to the economic development of the world. However, it is a complicated process which contains a string of aspects such as capital movement, spread of technology and knowledge and political and cultural influences (Simon, n.d.). Most countries, along with China, are moving towards greater deregulations and enhancing the role of free market in the economy. An internet connection, which is even available in the remote areas of the world, can also be identified as a part of developing new business, technology and social innovations. The rapid growth of an economy is exerting pressure on energy, commodities and natural resources. It can enhance the development through expansion of

Tesla Motors Essay Example for Free

Tesla Motors Essay Elon Musk successfully established Tesla Motors as one of the leaders in the electric vehicle industry since his induction as CEO in 2008. Tesla Motors designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars and powertrain components. The company also provides services for the development of powertrain systems and components, and sells electric powertrain components to other automotive manufacturers. It markets and sells its vehicles through Tesla stores as well as over the internet (Mora 2014, 1). Consumers and companies are looking to save at the pump, and what better way to do so than with electric vehicles (Mora 2014, 1)? Through government support and raised capital, Musk has put Tesla in an advantageous position to capitalize on the growing electric vehicle market. Battery electric vehicles will increase at a 31.5% compound annual growth over the next seven years (Navigant Research 2013). With Musk’s leadership and innovation, Tesla plans on boosting sales by increasing current production of the Model S, introducing the Model X SUV in 2015, and introducing the more affordable Gen III by 2017 (Recharge Now, Forbes 2013). â€Å"Tesla has now crept onto the top ten list for brand perception, as ranked by Consumer Reports† (Ingram 2013, 1). Tesla is exceeding their own expectations as more consumers are becoming familiar with their company. In 2013, sales totaled to 22,450, while forecasts were set at 21,500 (Ohnsman). All of this success has resulted in Tesla’s stock rising nearly $100 this past year (Yahoo Finance 2014). With people increasingly worrying about the harmful effects of combustion engines on the environment and the limited supply of oil, the market for electric cars has a ton of potential. While there is tons of potential for Tesla, the truth is that they have yet to make an annual profit. Yes, they did raise their revenue from $413 million to $2 billion in the last year, but this still resulted in a net loss of $74 million (Yahoo Finance 2014). This loss is primarily due to the high cost of goods sold, which is why it is so important to keep researching and developing cheaper ways to produce their technology. â€Å"Few expect to trim electric-car battery costs by more than 20%-30% by the planned 2016† (Recharge Now, Forbes 2013). Increasing sales indicates a positive future for Tesla, but if they are unable to effectively reduce the cost of goods their financial condition will suffer. Next, we will examine the opportunities that Tesla could capitalize on with their substantial growth over the past few years. Being that oil is a limited resource, it’s only a matter of time before the supply becomes extremely scarce, resulting in skyrocketing oil prices. This event should cause a major shift to the use of electric vehicles. The average consumer cannot afford the $90,000 and up Model S, but many are still interested in owning an electric vehicle. Musk realizes this opportunity and has begun developing a more affordable model known as the Gen III. In order to launch this model at a price point of around $35,000 Tesla must drastically reduce the cost of batteries. Tesla unveiled details about a plan to build a â€Å"gigafactory†. It will cost them $5 billion, but it will reduce battery costs by an impressive 30% in the first year (Trefis 2014, 1). At peak production, this factory will be able to produce 50 gigawatt-hours of batteries in a year, more than the entire world’s current production (Trefis 2014,2). At this point, Tesla could provide surplus batteries to the electronic industry and potentially become a leading producer of energy storage. Despite all of this, there are potential threats to Tesla’s business, mainly the competition they face in the alternative fuel vehicle market. Many established and upcoming automobile manufacturers have entered, or plan on entering this market. For example, BMW, Cadillac, Porsche, and Audi are promoting new plug-in models aimed at affluent consumers (White 2013, 1). Established luxury brands are muscling on to Teslas turf in part because government policies are forcing them to, and in part because they see Mr. Musk peeling away influential trendsetters they dont want to lose (White 2013, 2). The impact of these new luxury plug-ins on Tesla will depend on whether they are trying to expand the segment, or merely go after the same consumers. With Elon Musk’s plan to increase production of the Model S, while introducing two new vehicles by 2015 and 2017, the Model X and Gen III, we  should expect to see continued success from Tesla Motors. If Musk successfully reduces operational costs and offers consumers an affordable Tesla model, he may trigger an amazing turning point in the auto industry and leave a lasting impression on the world. Works Cited Alpert, Bill. â€Å"Recharge Now!† Forbes. 10 June 2013. Web. 16 October 2013. â€Å"Electric Vehicle Market Forecasts. Navigant Research. Navigant Consulting Inc, 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Ingra, Antony. Tesla Gains In Brand Awareness. Green Car Reports. High Gear Media, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Mora, Victor. Is Tesla Motors an Attractive Investment? Wall St. Cheat Sheet. Wall St Cheat Sheet, 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. Ohnsman, Alan. Tesla Rises After Model S Sales in 2013 Exceed Forecast. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 15 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. â€Å"Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA).† Yahoo Finance. Web. 13 March 2014. http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=tslaql=1. Trefis. Gigafactory Will Cost Tesla $5 Billion But Offers Significant Cost Reductions. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. White, Joseph B. BMW, Cadillac Aim to Pull Plug on Tesla With Pricey New Cars. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones Company, 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

Use Of Water In Labour Health And Social Care Essay

Use Of Water In Labour Health And Social Care Essay A report was published in 1992 in The House of Commons regarding the provision of maternity services; it stated that all hospitals make it their policy to make provision wherever possible for women to choose the position which they prefer for labour and birth with the option of a birthing pool where is practicable (House of Commons Health Committee 1992). Water immersion was officially accepted in the UK in 1993 following the publication of the Changing Childbirth report (Department of Heath 1993). This report recommended that a pool facility should be available in all UK maternity units; professional recognition came about when the Royal College of Midwives (RCM, 1994) and the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Heath Visiting (UKCC 1994) published statements in 1994 which integrated the immersion in water during labour into the midwifes role. Water immersion is now incorporated in the UK Midwifery Rules and Standards (2004). The current guidelines for labouring in water in Forth Valley are that the woman should be in established labour, determined as cervical dilation of a minimum of 4cm, be at least 37 weeks gestation, the presentation of the fetus should be cephalic and the fetal heart should be within normal parameters of 110 160 beats per minute, any liquor draining should be clear and no opiates should have been administered in the 4 hours proceeding entry to the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). The water temperature should be 37 degrees; this should be checked hourly together with the temperature of the woman to ensure that she is not pyrexial (NICE, 2007). The woman must also have an uncomplicated obstetric history. At present the facility to labour in water is present in Stirling Royal Infirmary however there is currently only 1 labour room with a pool. This means that only 1 woman can labour or give birth in water at a time. All woman are offered the option of a water birth at their booking vis it however whether or not they will be able to labour or give birth in water will be dependant on the pool being vacant when they present in labour. The benefits of labouring in water are plentiful and is recommended in the NICE Guidelines for Intrapartum Care (2007); the buoyancy afforded by water allows the labouring woman to adopt comfortable positions easily and the water also provides a relaxing environment which assists pain relief due to the release of natural endorphins (Medforth et all, 2007). When a woman feels relaxed oxytocin is released which is required for successful contraction of the uterus and progress in labour; the reduction in feelings of stress will inhibit the production of adrenaline which if produced will hinder oxytocin production therefore slowing the progress of labour. Evidence suggests that the use of water in the first stage of labour empowers woman with an increased feeling of control over the situation she is experiencing (Hall Holloway, 1998) it also shown that as the womens perception of pain is reduced the need for epidural analgesia is lessened (Eberhard et all, 2005) as is the need for augme ntation by syntocinon (Cluett et all, 2004). Studies have shown that woman who give birth in the water have a reduced incidence of perineal trauma (Garland and Jones, 2000). This has been further supported by a clinical audit carried out in Corbar birth Centre, Baxter (2006) found that of 229 pool births 38% of woman had an intact perineum, 32% had a first degree tear, 29% sustained a second degree tear and only 1 woman suffered a third degree tear however this was the result of an accelerated second stage labour and the birth of a baby weighing in excess of 4.5 kg. The audit also showed that women who laboured in the pool but did not give birth had a reduced incidence of perineal trauma. Of the 75 woman 32% had a first degree tear, 31% had a second degree tear and again 1 woman suffered a third degree tear however 31% did require an episiotomy. It has been suggested that it is the atmosphere achieved that results in the positive experiences and outcomes for the woman who choose to use the pool through the continuous one to one care of the midwife, the woman centred approach to childbirth thus normalising the birthing experience. The student will now reflect on her experience of a water birth using Gibbs reflective cycle. I came onto an early shift on the 27 February and my mentor and I were allocated the care of a woman in established labour who had decided to labour in water. We entered the room where we were introduced to Sarah and her partner John. Sarah was a primigravida with an uncomplicated obstetric history and had been well throughout her pregnancy, her body mass index of 22 was within normal parameters. The staff midwife we were taking over from gave a handover, detailing what had happened since Sarah had arrived in the ward; Sarahs labour had commenced spontaneously at home at 41 weeks and 8 days gestation, at 2am that morning she had arrived in maternity triage for assessment; at 5am she had been transferred to the labour ward, at this time she was 3cm dilated and struggling to cope with the pain. Sarah wasnt keen to use pain relief other than entonox and the midwife providing her care had read i n her maternity notes that in the past few weeks that she had been considering labouring in water, therefore she suggested Sarah could try using the pool for pain relief; both the advantages and disadvantages were fully explained to Sarah and she was advised that if her own or the fetal condition deteriorated then she would be asked to leave the pool. Before going into the water Sarahs membranes had been ruptured artificially and following the procedure she was 5cm dilated at 6am, therefore she was in active labour and suitable for labouring in water. Upon taking over Sarahs care a set of baseline observations were carried out by myself, including a blood pressure, temperature, pulse and urinalysis. The fetal heart was heard regularly at 120 130 beats per minute (NICE, 2007). I also checked the water temperature which was 37 degrees. All observations were satisfactory; these were noted both on the partogram as well as the labour notes. Observations of temperature and pulse were carried out hourly, the water temperature was checked regularly and Sarahs blood pressure would be checked 4 hourly. The fetal heart was auscultated intermittently using a waterproof Doppler ultrasound. Sarah was using the entonox in the pool and although she was still finding the contractions painful she was coping well. Encouragement was given to Sarah during this time, reassuring her that she was doing fantastically and guidance on using the entonox effectively. The atmosphere in the room was relaxed and calm, John was also giving encouragement. At arou nd 8.30 am, 1 hour after taking over Sarahs care, she said reported that she was experiencing a burning sensation and was feeling the urge to push. The staff midwife put a mirror into the pool and the vertex was found to be visible at this stage. As per the protocol (2009) Sarah was advised to push when she felt the urge but to remember not to raise her bottom out of the water. Encouragement was given to Sarah when she was pushing, but no direction was given as directed pushing is not recommended for birth in water (Baston Hall, 2009). The babys head was delivered approximated 20 minutes later however the babys chin had not been seen as yet. The staff midwife put a hand into the pool to ensure that the chin was free and it was. A live female was delivered with the next contraction and was guided through Sarahs legs as she was in a kneeling position and brought up to her chest. The third stage of labour, the delivery of the placenta, was carried out on a Bradbury mattress as the protocol states that the placenta cannot be delivered in the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). This is due the difficulty in assessing the estimated blood loss in water. Syntometrine was administered intra muscularly by the staff midwife and the placenta was delivered by controlled cord traction approximately 30 minutes after the birth of the baby. Sarah had advised that she would like the cord to stop pulsating before it was cut and clamped therefore Sarah had remained in the water until this had occurred. Sarah had a 2nd degree tear following the delivery and although it was not actively bleeding it was sutured by the staff midwife approximated 1 hour post delivery as is recommended in the guidelines (NHS QIS, 2008). The labour and birth were a beautiful and memorable experience as although it was evident that Sarah was in pain during the labour she was focused on birthing her baby. I felt very satisfied with the delivery as I felt Sarah had received the support and encouragement to have the experience of birth that she had strived for. The delivery underwater is amazing, I felt completely overwhelmed with how natural giving birth in water is as I had never experienced a water birth first hand. When reflecting on the experience I realised that upon taking over Sarahs care I had felt slightly nervous about how hands off a water birth is. The midwife is expected to basically observe both the labour and birth with the exception of carrying out the routine observations, checking and maintaining the temperature of the water and keeping the water as clear as possible with the use of a sieve. Since this experience I feel that the next time I am caring for a woman labouring or birthing in water I will fe el more confident as this is a natural and therapeutic method which increases the focus on normality in childbirth. The use of hydrotherapy has been encouraged as a method of analgesia for many years as a natural alternative to pharmacological pain relief (Jessiman Bryer, 2000). Water provides a dual benefit, heat alleviates muscle spasm and as a result of this pain is reduced and weightlessness lessens the effects of gravity therefore relieving the strain on the pelvis. Sarah was able to adapt her position easily whilst in the pool and spent the majority of her labour in a kneeling position thus facilitating the decent of the fetus (Fraser Cooper, 2009). The NMC (2007:3) states that You must recognise and the respect the contribution that people make to their own care and well being therefore if a woman wishes to labour and give birth in water it is the midwives duty to support her in this choice. Sarah had all the information in order to make an informed choice and felt that she had contributed to the care she received thus enhancing her satisfaction with her experience of labour. Eckert et al l (2001:84) concluded their randomised controlled trial with the outcome that woman who labour and give birth in water appeared more satisfied with their experience as was the case with Sarah. As a midwife advocacy is an important element of the role and it is important that midwives are advocates for the woman in their care in that they empower them with the knowledge to make informed choices regarding the care they receive (Garland, 2000). Although the use of water has been attributed to reduced perception of pain (Baxter, 2006) there is still insufficient evidence to support the use of water and studies have shown that there is no significant difference in the length of labour, blood loss or Apgar scores at birth (Cluett Burns, 2009). There have also been concerns surrounding the conditions of the neonate born in water; yet as stated there has been no evidence found to support this. In fact Thoni and Moroder (2004:47) have stated that a water birth presented no risk to the adaption of the neonate to extra-uterine life. It is however vital that the woman is removed from the water should the maternal or fetal condition become compromised (Geissbuehler et all, 2004). There was also the question of maternal and fetal hyperthermia; the suggestion that the woman should decide the temperature of the water (Anderson, 2004) was rejected when NICE (2007) advised that the water temperature should be below 37.5 degrees. It has h owever been shown that entry into the pool in the latent first phase of labour can be detrimental to progress, Eriksson (1997) found that woman who entered the pool at this stage had increased augmentation of labour as well as increased requirement for epidural analgesia, hence the protocol in Forth Valley that woman should be in established labour prior to entering the pool (Paterson Hamilton, 2009). In conclusion, it appears that there is currently insufficient evidence to support the positive effects of hydrotherapy in labour and birth; its use has been proven to have a relaxing effect on labouring woman who have reported feeling more satisfied with their experience. Evidence suggests that labouring in water does not make a significant difference to the length of labour; however the fact that the women who choose this method of pain relief report increased fulfilment should not be over looked. Further research would provide an evidence base for best practice. At present only women with an uncomplicated obstetric history are permitted entry to a birthing pool and further research is required to enable women with a variety of obstetric backgrounds to utilise a pool confidently. The question of the environment attained through hydrotherapy has arisen; do women feel increased satisfaction due to the woman centred, one to one approach to care received? It seems that this is a signif icant factor, and one which great emphasis should be placed upon. The role of the midwife is to be with women; this requires the midwife to be an advocate for the women in her care, it also requires her to provide the women with information to make informed choices regarding their care and to treat every woman as an individual, with individual concerns and needs. If hydrotherapy provides a platform for a natural approach to childbirth then it is one that should be encouraged.

Xenotransplantation Essay -- Medical Medicine essays

Xenotransplantation Introduction According to Webster's Dictionary, a doctor is one skilled or specializing in healing arts. However, what is entailed in these "healing arts" has expanded time and time again over the course of history. At one point in time, to be a doctor was as simple as administering the right dose of a certain elixir, and then as time went on advances were made in the areas of antibiotics and other medicines, as well as in surgical arenas. Now we have come to a new age where doctors are pushing the boundaries of their capability far beyond anyone imagined they could. Since the first kidney transplant less than 40 years ago, a lot of innovations have been made in the world of organ transplantation and various forms of these procedures continue to be hot topics in today's society. Unfortunately, there are about 68,000 people awaiting a transplant of some sort at any given time and only about 20,000 a year actually receive them. In addition, the demand for transplants is increasing at a rate of 15% a year. It is statistics like this that continue to keep medical professionals striving for alternative methods of transplanting. This limited availability of human organs and tissues, coupled with recent technological advances, has increasingly led to the implantations of living cells from other species when human donors are not available, when a bridge organ is needed, or when animal cells may provide some sort of unique benefit. This is called xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is perhaps the most talked about area in the medical community today as it involves the loaded issue of cloning and gene mutation. Although a large portion of the material found on xenotransplantation focuses on the transpl... ...in a state of a free for all. We cannot let humans in legitimate need suffer just in case the public might think a certain way about the medical industry. However, there are certain cases when I think the medical industry does have an effect on society. For example, on the topic of human cloning, I say ban it. There is no real need to clone a person, sure it would be neat, but there isn't a need. Then there is xenotransplantation where there is a real need and you are actually able to save lives. In society we have an obligation to do what we can, within reason, to save the lives that can be saved under the guidance of skilled medical professionals who have made an oath to act ethically. We trust them with our lives, why not trust their opinions? Bibliography 1.www.ama-assn.org 2.www.diabetic.org> 3.www.encarta.msn.com 4.www.dukenews.duke.edu Xenotransplantation Essay -- Medical Medicine essays Xenotransplantation Introduction According to Webster's Dictionary, a doctor is one skilled or specializing in healing arts. However, what is entailed in these "healing arts" has expanded time and time again over the course of history. At one point in time, to be a doctor was as simple as administering the right dose of a certain elixir, and then as time went on advances were made in the areas of antibiotics and other medicines, as well as in surgical arenas. Now we have come to a new age where doctors are pushing the boundaries of their capability far beyond anyone imagined they could. Since the first kidney transplant less than 40 years ago, a lot of innovations have been made in the world of organ transplantation and various forms of these procedures continue to be hot topics in today's society. Unfortunately, there are about 68,000 people awaiting a transplant of some sort at any given time and only about 20,000 a year actually receive them. In addition, the demand for transplants is increasing at a rate of 15% a year. It is statistics like this that continue to keep medical professionals striving for alternative methods of transplanting. This limited availability of human organs and tissues, coupled with recent technological advances, has increasingly led to the implantations of living cells from other species when human donors are not available, when a bridge organ is needed, or when animal cells may provide some sort of unique benefit. This is called xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is perhaps the most talked about area in the medical community today as it involves the loaded issue of cloning and gene mutation. Although a large portion of the material found on xenotransplantation focuses on the transpl... ...in a state of a free for all. We cannot let humans in legitimate need suffer just in case the public might think a certain way about the medical industry. However, there are certain cases when I think the medical industry does have an effect on society. For example, on the topic of human cloning, I say ban it. There is no real need to clone a person, sure it would be neat, but there isn't a need. Then there is xenotransplantation where there is a real need and you are actually able to save lives. In society we have an obligation to do what we can, within reason, to save the lives that can be saved under the guidance of skilled medical professionals who have made an oath to act ethically. We trust them with our lives, why not trust their opinions? Bibliography 1.www.ama-assn.org 2.www.diabetic.org> 3.www.encarta.msn.com 4.www.dukenews.duke.edu

The Culture Change After Wwi

They are no longer having the sense of patriotism, and a lot of them move aboard to taste the expatriate lifestyle. They are lost in this world, and they do not know what to do. The literatures at this time period really reflect the idea of being lost. The writers called themselves the lost generation. â€Å"The phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who repaired Stein's which was a famous writer at that time car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car In a way satisfactory to Stein the owner had shouted at him, â€Å"You are all a generation Purdue. Stein, In telling Hemingway the story added, ‘ThatIs what you are. That's what you all are†¦ All of you young people who served In the war. You are a lost generation. † The term became very popular after Hemingway public his novel â€Å"the sun also rise†. Like Hemingway said † I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice.. I had seen nothing sacred, and the thi ngs that were glorious had no glory and he sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. † His book the sun also rises reflect the idea of expatriates and create the sense of lost. The main characters are mostly engage in heavily drinking.They work in the daytime, and drunk in the night time. They don't think about their future, or they don't know they do or do not have a future. There are a lot of famous writers belong to the lost generation Like F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S Eliot, Gertrude Stein. In T. S Elite's poem the waste land, he constantly reminded the readers that there Is no future on this land, and this land Is a abandon land. Similarly, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote In his novel the side of paradise that this generation † Grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars ought, and all faiths in man shaken. † The war helped the rise of the black culture.The new Negro movement or the nowadays so called Harlem Renais sance was a black culture movement. It started at Harlem, a section of New York City which gathered one hundred and fifty thousand African American. African-American writers and artists gave voice here challenging the structures of American racial oppression, and show the potential of the black culture to the world. The movement was stared at the end of WWW, and ended in the start of the great depression. WWW created a lot of Job opportunity in the north, and his led to the migration of black people from the south which was known as the Great Migration.The black people gathered together at place like Harlem to form their own black community. After the war, soldiers return from the front, and competing job with the black people. Racial riots broke out in the north. The increase the Harlem renaissance. A lot of writers and artist saw this culture movement as a opportunity of uplifting the black culture, and gained more right to the African American. However, some writers and artists s aw this movement was Just an expression of their native culture.

Cry Freedom Essay

Cry Freedom was a movie that took place in South Africa in the 1970’s. It is a movie about a journalist, Donald Woods, and a black activist, Steve Biko. While Woods was around Biko reporting what was happening, Biko invited Woods to go see one of the impoverished black township so he could see where black people in South Africa lived. When they arrived, Woods was shocked. The black people of South Africa were living in terribly poor conditions due to the government imposed restrictions on their lives. Woods realizes how wrong the government is by putting these restrictions in place and begins to agree with Biko and his beliefs. Biko was a very outspoken activist for the rights of the black people in South Africa. The government had already banned him from leaving King William’s Town, his hometown, due to his past efforts for the cause. Latter on in the movie, Biko ends up getting arrested after a political speech which is outside of the area in which Biko is supposed to stay banned to. After being arrested, Biko is beaten to death. Since Woods had been reporting on the story, him and Biko had become good friends. After the death of his friend, Woods decided to work to expose the government’s part in the beating of Biko. After meeting with the South African Minister of Justice, Woods is banned by the government just as Biko was when the movie began. After being banned, Woods and his family are targeted and harassed by the government. Woods manages to escape the country of Lesotho disguised as a priest and the rest of his family joins him latter on. Woods escapes to Botswana with the help of an Australian journalist. Cry Freedom really shows us the issues of South Africa from the past. Black people from South Africa were severely discriminated against and were forced to live in terrible conditions. These terrible conditions were forced upon the black community by the government. This was the time of the apartheid system, so the government was the cause of much of the discrimination of the black people of South Africa. The movie really shows us the true face of the government. We see how the government was behind the terrible things that happened to black people during that time. Not only did the government  support this discrimination, but it also went as far as killing black people who were trying to speak out for their rights, just as they did to Biko. Cry Freedom shows us how horrible the government actually was in South Africa during the apartheid.

Chapter 22 The Unexpected Task

â€Å"Potter! Weasley! Will you pay attention?† Professor McGonagall's irritated voice cracked like a whip through the Transfiguration class on Thursday, and Harry and Ron both jumped and looked up. It was the end of the lesson; they had finished their work; the guinea fowl they had been changing into guinea pigs had been shut away in a large cage on Professor McGonagall's desk (Neville's still had feathers); they had copied down their homework from the blackboard (â€Å"Describe, with examples, the ways in which Transforming Spells must be adapted when performing Cross-Species Switches†}. The bell was due to ring at any moment, and Harry and Ron, who had been having a sword fight with a couple of Fred and George's fake wands at the back of the class, looked up, Ron holding a tin parrot and Harry, a rubber haddock. â€Å"Now that Potter and Weasley have been kind enough to act their age,† said Professor McGonagall, with an angry look at the pair of them as the head of Harry's haddock drooped and fell silently to the floor – Ron's parrot's beak had severed it moments before – â€Å"I have something to say to you all. â€Å"The Yule Ball is approaching – a traditional part of the Triwizard Tournament and an opportunity for us to socialize with our foreign guests. Now, the ball will be open only to fourth years and above – although you may invite a younger student if you wish -â€Å" Lavender Brown let out a shrill giggle. Parvati Patil nudged her hard in the ribs, her face working furiously as she too fought not to giggle. They both looked around at Harry, Professor McGonagall ignored them, which Harry thought was distinctly unfair, as she had just told off him and Ron. â€Å"Dress robes will be worn,† Professor McGonagall continued, â€Å"and the ball will start at eight o'clock on Christmas Day, finishing at midnight in the Great Hall. Now then -â€Å" Professor McGonagall stared deliberately around the class. â€Å"The Yule Ball is of course a chance for us all to – er – let our hair down,† she said, in a disapproving voice. Lavender giggled harder than ever, with her hand pressed hard against her mouth to stifle the sound. Harry could see what was funny this time: Professor McGonagall, with her hair in a tight bun, looked as though she had never let her hair down in any sense. â€Å"But that does NOT mean,† Professor McGonagall went on, â€Å"that we will be relaxing the standards of behavior we expect from Hogwarts students. I will be most seriously displeased if a Gryffindor student embarrasses the school in any way.† The bell rang, and there was the usual scuffle of activity as everyone packed their bags and swung them onto their shoulders. Professor McGonagall called above the noise, â€Å"Potter – a word, if you please.† Assuming this had something to do with his headless rubber haddock, Harry proceeded gloomily to the teacher's desk. Professor McGonagall waited until the rest of the class had gone, and then said, â€Å"Potter, the champions and their partners -â€Å" â€Å"What partners?† said Harry. Profesor McGonagall looked suspiciously at him, as though she thought he was trying to be funny. â€Å"Your partners for the Yule Ball, Potter,† she said coldly. â€Å"Your dance partners.† Harry's insides seemed to curl up and shrivel. â€Å"Dance partners?† He felt himself going red. â€Å"I don't dance,† he said quickly. â€Å"Oh yes, you do,† said Professor McGonagall irritably. â€Å"That's what I'm telling you. Traditionally, the champions and their partners open the ball.† Harry had a sudden mental image of himself in a top hat and tails, accompanied by a girl in the sort of frilly dress Aunt Petunia always wore to Uncle Vernon's work parties. â€Å"I'm not dancing,† he said. â€Å"It is traditional,† said Professor McGonagall firmly. â€Å"You are a Hogwarts champion, and you will do what is expected of you as a representative of the school. So make sure you get yourself a partner, Potter.† â€Å"But – I don't -â€Å" â€Å"You heard me, Potter,† said Professor McGonagall in a very final sort of way. A week ago. Harry would have said finding a partner for a dance would be a cinch compared to taking on a Hungarian Horntail. But now that he had done the latter, and was facing the prospect of asking a girl to the ball, he thought he'd rather have another round with the dragon. Harry had never known so many people to put their names down to stay at Hogwarts for Christmas; he always did, of course, because the alternative was usually going back to Privet Drive, but he had always been very much in the minority before now. This year, however, everyone in the fourth year and above seemed to be staying, and they all seemed to Harry to be obsessed with the coming ball – or at least all the girls were, and it was amazing how many girls Hogwarts suddenly seemed to hold; he had never quite noticed that before. Girls giggling and whispering in the corridors, girls shrieking with laughter as boys passed them, girls excitedly comparing notes on what they were going to wear on Christmas night†¦. â€Å"Why do they have to move in packs?† Harry asked Ron as a dozen or so girls walked past them, sniggering and staring at Harry. â€Å"How're you supposed to get one on their own to ask them?† â€Å"Lasso one?† Ron suggested. â€Å"Got any idea who you're going to try?† Harry didn't answer. He knew perfectly well whom he'd like to ask, but working up the nerve was something else†¦.Cho was a year older than he was; she was very pretty; she was a very good Quidditch player, and she was also very popular. Ron seemed to know what was going on inside Harry's head. â€Å"Listen, you're not going to have any trouble. You're a champion. You've just beaten a Hungarian Horntail. I bet they'll be queuing up to go with you.† In tribute to their recently repaired friendship, Ron had kept the bitterness in his voice to a bare minimum. Moreover, to Harry's amazement, he turned out to be quite right. A curly-haired third-year Hufflepuff girl to whom Harry had never spoken in his life asked him to go to the ball with her the very next day. Harry was so taken aback he said no before he'd even stopped to consider the matter. The girl walked off looking rather hurt, and Harry had to endure Dean's, Seamus's, and Ron's taunts about her all through History of Magic. The following day, two more girls asked him, a second year and (to his horror) a fifth year who looked as though she might knock him out if he refused. â€Å"She was quite good-looking,† said Ron fairly, after he'd stopped laughing. â€Å"She was a foot taller than me,† said Harry, still unnerved. â€Å"Imagine what I'd look like trying to dance with her.† Hermione's words about Krum kept coming back to him. â€Å"They only like him because he's famous!† Harry doubted very much if any of the girls who had asked to be his partner so far would have wanted to go to the ball with him if he hadn't been a school champion. Then he wondered if this would bother him if Cho asked him. On the whole. Harry had to admit that even with the embarrassing prospect of opening the ball before him, life had definitely improved since he had got through the first task. He wasn't attracting nearly as much unpleasantness in the corridors anymore, which he suspected had a lot to do with Cedric – he had an idea Cedric might have told the Hufflepuffs to leave Harry alone, in gratitude for Harry's tip-off about the dragons. There seemed to be fewer Support Cedric Diggory! badges around too. Draco Malfoy, of course, was still quoting Rita Skeeter's article to him at every possible opportunity, but he was getting fewer and fewer laughs out of it – and just to heighten Harry's feeling of well-being, no story about Hagrid had appeared in the Daily Prophet. â€Å"She didn' seem very int'rested in magical creatures, ter tell yeh the truth,† Hagrid said, when Harry, Ron, and Hermione asked him how his interview with Rita Skeeter had gone during the last Care of Magical Creatures lesson of the term. To their very great relief, Hagrid had given up on direct contact with the skrewts now, and they were merely sheltering behind his cabin today, sitting at a trestle table and preparing a fresh selection of food with which to tempt the skrewts. â€Å"She jus' wanted me ter talk about you, Harry,† Hagrid continued in a low voice. â€Å"Well, I told her we'd been friends since I went ter fetch yeh from the Dursleys. ‘Never had to tell him off in four years?' she said. ‘Never played you up in lessons, has he?' I told her no, an she didn' seem happy at all. Yeh'd think she wanted me to say yeh were horrible, Harry.† â€Å"‘Course she did,† said Harry, throwing lumps of dragon liver into a large metal bowl and picking up his knife to cut some more. â€Å"She can't keep writing about what a tragic little hero I am, it'll get boring.† â€Å"She wants a new angle, Hagrid,† said Ron wisely as he shelled salamander eggs. â€Å"You were supposed to say Harry's a mad delinquent!† â€Å"But he's not!† said Hagrid, looking genuinely shocked. â€Å"She should've interviewed Snape,† said Harry grimly. â€Å"He'd give her the goods on me any day. ‘Potter has been crossing lines ever since he first arrived at this school†¦.'† â€Å"Said that, did he?† said Hagrid, while Ron and Hermione laughed. â€Å"Well, yeh might've bent a few rules. Harry, bu' yeh're all righ' really, aren' you?† â€Å"Cheers, Hagrid,† said Harry, grinning. â€Å"You coming to this ball thing on Christmas Day, Hagrid?† said Ron. â€Å"Though' I might look in on it, yeah,† said Hagrid gruffly. â€Å"Should be a good do, I reckon. You'll be openin the dancin', won yeh, Harry? Who're you takin'?† â€Å"No one, yet,† said Harry, feeling himself going red again. Hagrid didn't pursue the subject. The last week of term became increasingly boisterous as it progressed. Rumors about the Yule Ball were flying everywhere, though Harry didn't believe half of them – for instance, that Dumbledore had bought eight hundred barrels of mulled mead from Madam Rosmerta. It seemed to be fact, however, that he had booked the Weird Sisters. Exactly who or what the Weird Sisters were Harry didn't know, never having had access to a wizard's wireless, but he deduced from the wild excitement of those who had grown up listening to the WWN (Wizarding Wireless Network) that they were a very famous musical group. Some of the teachers, like little Professor Flitwick, gave up trying to teach them much when their minds were so clearly elsewhere; he allowed them to play games in his lesson on Wednesday, and spent most of it talking to Harry about the perfect Summoning Charm Harry had used during the first task of the Triwizard Tournament. Other teachers were not so generous. Nothing would ever deflect Professor Binns, for example, from plowing on through his notes on goblin rebellions – as Binns hadn't let his own death stand in the way of continuing to teach, they supposed a small thing like Christmas wasn't going to put him off. It was amazing how he could make even bloody and vicious goblin riots sound as boring as Percy's cauldron-bottom report. Professors McGonagall and Moody kept them working until the very last second of their classes too, and Snape, of course, would no sooner let them play games in class than adopt Harry. Staring nastily around at them all, he informed them that he would be testing them on poison antidotes during the last lesson of the term. â€Å"Evil, he is,† Ron said bitterly that night in the Gryffindor common room. â€Å"Springing a test on us on the last day. Ruining the last bit of term with a whole load of studying.† â€Å"Mmm†¦you're not exactly straining yourself, though, are you?† said Hermione, looking at him over the top of her Potions notes. Ron was busy building a card castle out of his Exploding Snap pack – a much more interesting pastime than with Muggle cards, because of the chance that the whole thing would blow up at any second. â€Å"It's Christmas, Hermione,† said Harry lazily; he was rereading Flying with the Cannons for the tenth time in an armchair near the fire. Hermione looked severely over at him too. â€Å"I'd have thought you'd be doing something constructive, Harry, even if you don't want to learn your antidotes!† â€Å"Like what?† Harry said as he watched Joey Jenkins of the Cannons belt a Bludger toward a Ballycastle Bats Chaser. â€Å"That egg!† Hermione hissed. â€Å"Come on, Hermione, I've got till February the twenty-fourth,† Harry said. He had put the golden egg upstairs in his trunk and hadn't opened it since the celebration party after the first task. There were still two and a half months to go until he needed to know what all the screechy wailing meant, after all. â€Å"But it might take weeks to work it out!† said Hermione. â€Å"You're going to look a real idiot if everyone else knows what the next task is and you don't!† â€Å"Leave him alone, Hermione, he's earned a bit of a break,† said Ron, and he placed the last two cards on top of the castle and the whole lot blew up, singeing his eyebrows. â€Å"Nice look, Ron†¦go well with your dress robes, that will.† It was Fred and George. They sat down at the table with Harry, Ron, and Hermione as Ron felt how much damage had been done. â€Å"Ron, can we borrow Pigwidgeon?† George asked. â€Å"No, he's off delivering a letter,† said Ron. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because George wants to invite him to the ball,† said Fred sarcastically. â€Å"Because we want to send a letter, you stupid great prat,† said George. â€Å"Who d'you two keep writing to, eh?† said Ron. â€Å"Nose out, Ron, or I'll burn that for you too,† said Fred, waving his wand threateningly. â€Å"So†¦you lot got dates for the ball yet?† â€Å"Nope,† said Ron. â€Å"Well, you'd better hurry up, mate, or all the good ones will be gone,† said Fred. â€Å"Who're you going with, then?† said Ron. â€Å"Angelina,† said Fred promptly, without a trace of embarrassment. â€Å"What?† said Ron, taken aback. â€Å"You've already asked her?† â€Å"Good point,† said Fred. He turned his head and called across the common room, â€Å"Oi! Angelina!† Angelina, who had been chatting with Alicia Spinnet near the fire, looked over at him. â€Å"What?† she called back. â€Å"Want to come to the ball with me?† Angelina gave Fred an appraising sort of look. â€Å"All right, then,† she said, and she turned back to Alicia and carried on chatting with a bit of a grin on her face. â€Å"There you go,† said Fred to Harry and Ron, â€Å"piece of cake.† He got to his feet, yawning, and said, â€Å"We'd better use a school owl then, George, come on†¦.† They left. Ron stopped feeling his eyebrows and looked across the smoldering wreck of his card castle at Harry. â€Å"We should get a move on, you know†¦ask someone. He's right. We don't want to end up with a pair of trolls.† Hermione let out a sputter of indignation. â€Å"A pair of†¦what, excuse me?† â€Å"Well – you know,† said Ron, shrugging. â€Å"I'd rather go alone than with – with Eloise Midgen, say.† â€Å"Her acne's loads better lately – and she's really nice!† â€Å"Her nose is off-center,† said Ron. â€Å"Oh I see,† Hermione said, bristling. â€Å"So basically, you're going to take the best-looking girl who'll have you, even if she's completely horrible?† â€Å"Er – yeah, that sounds about right,† said Ron. â€Å"I'm going to bed,† Hermione snapped, and she swept off toward the girls' staircase without another word. The Hogwarts staff, demonstrating a continued desire to impress the visitors from Beauxbatons and Durmstrang, seemed determined to show the castle at its best this Christmas. When the decorations went up. Harry noticed that they were the most stunning he had yet seen inside the school. Everlasting icicles had been attached to the banisters of the marble staircase; the usual twelve Christmas trees in the Great Hall were bedecked with everything from luminous holly berries to real, hooting, golden owls, and the suits of armor had all been bewitched to sing carols whenever anyone passed them. It was quite something to hear â€Å"O Come, All Ye Faithful† sung by an empty helmet that only knew half the words. Several times, Filch the caretaker had to extract Peeves from inside the armor, where he had taken to hiding, filling in the gaps in the songs with lyrics of his own invention, all of which were very rude. And still. Harry hadn't asked Cho to the ball. He and Ron were getting very nervous now, though as Harry pointed out, Ron would look much less stupid than he would without a partner; Harry was supposed to be starting the dancing with the other champions. â€Å"I suppose there's always Moaning Myrtle,† he said gloomily, referring to the ghost who haunted the girls' toilets on the second floor. â€Å"Harry – we've just got to grit our teeth and do it,† said Ron on Friday morning, in a tone that suggested they were planning the storming of an impregnable fortress. â€Å"When we get back to the common room tonight, we'll both have partners – agreed?† â€Å"Er†¦okay,† said Harry. But every time he glimpsed Cho that day – during break, and then lunchtime, and once on the way to History of Magic – she was surrounded by friends. Didn't she ever go anywhere alone? Could he perhaps ambush her as she was going into a bathroom? But no – she even seemed to go there with an escort of four or five girls. Yet if he didn't do it soon, she was bound to have been asked by somebody else. He found it hard to concentrate on Snape's Potions test, and consequently forgot to add the key ingredient – a bezoar – meaning that he received bottom marks. He didn't care, though; he was too busy screwing up his courage for what he was about to do. When the bell rang, he grabbed his bag, and hurried to the dungeon door. â€Å"I'll meet you at dinner,† he said to Ron and Hermione, and he dashed off upstairs. He'd just have to ask Cho for a private word, that was all†¦.He hurried off through the packed corridors looking for her, and (rather sooner than he had expected) he found her, emerging from a Defense Against the Dark Arts lesson. â€Å"Er – Cho? Could I have a word with you?† Giggling should be made illegal. Harry thought furiously, as all the girls around Cho started doing it. She didn't, though. She said, â€Å"Okay,† and followed him out of earshot other classmates. Harry turned to look at her and his stomach gave a weird lurch as though he had missed a step going downstairs. â€Å"Er,† he said. He couldn't ask her. He couldn't. But he had to. Cho stood there looking puzzled, watching him. The words came out before Harry had quite got his tongue around them. â€Å"Wangoballwime?† â€Å"Sorry?† said Cho. â€Å"D'you – d'you want to go to the ball with me?† said Harry. Why did he have to go red now? Why? â€Å"Oh!† said Cho, and she went red too. â€Å"Oh Harry, I'm really sorry,† and she truly looked it. â€Å"I've already said I'll go with someone else.† â€Å"Oh,† said Harry. It was odd; a moment before his insides had been writhing like snakes, but suddenly he didn't seem to have any insides at all. â€Å"Oh okay,† he said, â€Å"no problem.† â€Å"I'm really sorry,† she said again. â€Å"That's okay,† said Harry. They stood there looking at each other, and then Cho said, â€Å"Well -â€Å" â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry. â€Å"Well, ‘bye,† said Cho, still very red. She walked away. Harry called after her, before he could stop himself. â€Å"Who're you going with?† â€Å"Oh – Cedric,† she said. â€Å"Cedric Diggory.† â€Å"Oh right,† said Harry. His insides had come back again. It felt as though they had been filled with lead in their absence. Completely forgetting about dinner, he walked slowly back up to Gryffindor Tower, Cho's voice echoing in his ears with every step he took. â€Å"Cedric – Cedric Diggory.† He had been starting to quite like Cedric – prepared to overlook the fact that he had once beaten him at Quidditch, and was handsome, and popular, and nearly everyone's favorite champion. Now he suddenly realized that Cedric was in fact a useless pretty boy who didn't have enough brains to fill an eggcup. â€Å"Fairy lights,† he said dully to the Fat Lady – the password had been changed the previous day. â€Å"Yes, indeed, dear!† she trilled, straightening her new tinsel hair band as she swung forward to admit him. Entering the common room, Harry looked around, and to his surprise he saw Ron sitting ashen-faced in a distant corner. Ginny was sitting with him, talking to him in what seemed to be a low, soothing voice. â€Å"What's up, Ron?† said Harry, joining them. Ron looked up at Harry, a sort of blind horror in his face. â€Å"Why did I do it?† he said wildly. â€Å"I don't know what made me do it! â€Å"What?† said Harry. â€Å"He – er – just asked Fleur Delacour to go to the ball with him,† said Ginny. She looked as though she was fighting back a smile, but she kept patting Ron's arm sympathetically. â€Å"You what?' said Harry. â€Å"I don't know what made me do it!† Ron gasped again. â€Å"What was I playing at? There were people – all around – I've gone mad – everyone watching! I was just walking past her in the entrance hall – she was standing there talking to Diggory – and it sort of came over me – and I asked her!† Ron moaned and put his face in his hands. He kept talking, though the words were barely distinguishable. â€Å"She looked at me like I was a sea slug or something. Didn't even answer. And then – I dunno – I just sort of came to my senses and ran for it.† â€Å"She's part veela,† said Harry. â€Å"You were right – her grandmother was one. It wasn't your fault, I bet you just walked past when she was turning on the old charm for Diggory and got a blast of it – but she was wasting her time. He's going with Cho Chang.† Ron looked up. â€Å"I asked her to go with me just now,† Harry said dully, â€Å"and she told me.† Ginny had suddenly stopped smiling. â€Å"This is mad,† said Ron. â€Å"We're the only ones left who haven't got anyone – well, except Neville. Hey – guess who he asked? Hermione!† â€Å"What?† said Harry, completely distracted by this startling news. â€Å"Yeah, I know!† said Ron, some of the color coming back into his face as he started to laugh. â€Å"He told me after Potions! Said she's always been really nice, helping him out with work and stuff- but she told him she was already going with someone. Ha! As if! She just didn't want to go with Neville†¦I mean, who would?† â€Å"Don't!† said Ginny, annoyed. â€Å"Don't laugh -â€Å" Just then Hermione climbed in through the portrait hole. â€Å"Why weren't you two at dinner?† she said, coming over to join them. â€Å"Because – oh shut up laughing, you two – because they've both just been turned down by girls they asked to the ball!† said Ginny. That shut Harry and Ron up. â€Å"Thanks a bunch, Ginny,† said Ron sourly. â€Å"All the good-looking ones taken, Ron?† said Hermione loftily. â€Å"Eloise Midgen starting to look quite pretty now, is she? Well, I'm sure you'll find someone somewhere who'll have you.† But Ron was staring at Hermione as though suddenly seeing her in a whole new light. â€Å"Hermione, Neville's right – you are a girl†¦.† â€Å"Oh well spotted,† she said acidly. â€Å"Well – you can come with one of us!† â€Å"No, I can't,† snapped Hermione. â€Å"Oh come on,† he said impatiently, â€Å"we need partners, we're going to look really stupid if we haven't got any, everyone else has†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I can't come with you,† said Hermione, now blushing, â€Å"because I'm already going with someone.† â€Å"No, you're not!† said Ron. â€Å"You just said that to get rid of Neville!† â€Å"Oh did I?† said Hermione, and her eyes flashed dangerously. â€Å"Just because it's taken you three years to notice, Ron, doesn't mean no one else has spotted I'm a girl!† Ron stared at her. Then he grinned again. â€Å"Okay, okay, we know you're a girl,† he said. â€Å"That do? Will you come now?† â€Å"I've already told you!† Hermione said very angrily. â€Å"I'm going with someone else!† And she stormed off toward the girls' dormitories again. â€Å"She's lying,† said Ron flatly, watching her go. â€Å"She's not,† said Ginny quietly. â€Å"Who is it then?† said Ron sharply. â€Å"I'm not telling you, it's her business,† said Ginny. â€Å"Right,† said Ron, who looked extremely put out, â€Å"this is getting stupid. Ginny, you can go with Harry, and I'll just -â€Å" â€Å"I can't,† said Ginny, and she went scarlet too. â€Å"I'm going with – with Neville. He asked me when Hermione said no, and I thought†¦well†¦I'm not going to be able to go otherwise, I'm not in fourth year.† She looked extremely miserable. â€Å"I think I'll go and have dinner,† she said, and she got up and walked off to the portrait hole, her head bowed. Ron goggled at Harry. â€Å"What's got into them?† he demanded. But Harry had just seen Parvati and Lavender come in through the portrait hole. The time had come for drastic action. â€Å"Wait here,† he said to Ron, and he stood up, walked straight up to Parvati, and said, â€Å"Parvati? Will you go to the ball with me?† Parvati went into a fit of giggles. Harry waited for them to subside, his fingers crossed in the pocket of his robes. â€Å"Yes, all right then,† she said finally, blushing furiously. â€Å"Thanks,† said Harry, in relief. â€Å"Lavender – will you go with Ron?† â€Å"She's going with Seamus,† said Parvati, and the pair of them giggled harder than ever. Harry sighed. â€Å"Can't you think of anyone who'd go with Ron?† he said, lowering his voice so that Ron wouldn't hear. â€Å"What about Hermione Granger?† said Parvati. â€Å"She's going with someone else.† Parvati looked astonished. â€Å"Ooooh – who?† she said keenly. Harry shrugged. â€Å"No idea,† he said. â€Å"So what about Ron?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Parvati slowly, â€Å"I suppose my sister might†¦Padma, you know†¦in Ravenclaw. I'll ask her if you like.† â€Å"Yeah, that would be great,† said Harry. â€Å"Let me know, will you?† And he went back over to Ron, feeling that this ball was a lot more trouble than it was worth, and hoping very much that Padma Patil's nose was dead center.